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Skip to: Top | Bones and Bony Landmarks | Muscles
| Origin | Costal attachment: Inner surface of lower
six ribs Lumbar attachment: Upper two
or three lumbar vertebrae |
| Insertion | Central Tendon |
| Actions | Draws down the central tendon of diaphragm and increases thoracic cavity volume |
| Origin | Spinous Process Of The Upper Lumbar And Lower Thoracic Vertebrae, Ligamentum Nuchae, and Spinous Process of C-7 |
| Insertion | Spinous Processes Of Upper Thoracic And Cervicals Except C-1 |
| Actions | Bilateral: Extend Vertebral Column
Unilateral: Laterally Flex Vertebral Column To Same Side |
| Origin | Common Tendon (Tla), Transverse Processes Of Upper Five Thoracic Vertebrae |
| Insertion | Lower 9 Ribs, TVPs Of Thoracic And Cervical Vertebrae, Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone |
| Actions | Bilateral: Extend Vertebral Column
Unilateral: Laterally Flex Vertebral Column To Same Side |
| Origin | Common Tendon (Tla), Posterior Surface Of Ribs 1-12 |
| Insertion | Posterior Surface Of Ribs 1-12 |
| Actions | Bilateral: Extend Vertebral Column
Unilateral: Laterally Flex Vertebral Column To Same Side |
| Origin | Lower eight ribs |
| Insertion | Anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
| Actions | Bilateral: flexes vertebral column and
compresses abdominal contents Unilateral flexes vertebral column to same side, rotates vertebral column to opposite side |
| Origin | Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia |
| Insertion | Cartilage of bottom three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
| Actions | Bilateral: flexes vertebral column,
compresses abdominal contents Unilateral: flexes vertebral column to same side, rotates vertebral column to opposite side |
| Origin | Inferior border of the rib above |
| Insertion | Superior border of the rib below |
| Actions | External Intercostals draw the ventral part
of ribs upward, increase space in thoracic cavity Internal Intercostals draw ventral part of ribs down decreasing space |
| Suboccipital | Rectus Capitis Posterior Major | Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor | Oblique Capitis Superior | Oblique Capitis Inferior |
| Origin | Spinous Process of the axis (C2) | Tubercle of the posterior arch of atlas (C1) | Transverse process of atlas (C1) | Spinous process of axis (C2) |
| Insertion | Inferior nuchal line of the occiput | Inferior nuchal line of occiput | Between nuchal lines of occiput | Transverse process of atlas (C1) |
| Actions | Rock and tilt head into extension, rotate head to same side | Rock and tilt head into extension | Rock and tilt head into extension | Rotate head to same side |
| Origin | Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of lower six ribs |
| Insertion | Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
| Actions | Compresses abdominal contents |
| Origin | Sacrum And TVPs Of Lumbar Thru Cervical Vertebrae |
| Insertion | Spinous Processes Of Lumbar Thru 2nd Cervical Vertebrae (MULTIFIDI SPAN 2-4; ROTATORES SPAN 1-2 VERTEBRAE) |
| Actions | Extend, Rotate Vertebral Column To Opposite Side |
| Origin | Ligamentum Nuchae, Spinous Processes Of C-7 Thru T-3 |
| Insertion | Mastoid Process, Lateral Nuchal Line |
| Actions | Unilateral: Rotate Head To Same Side,
Laterally Flex Head And Neck Bilateral: Extend Head |
| Origin | Spinous Processes Of T-3 Thru T-6 |
| Insertion | TVPs Of The Upper Cervical Vertebrae |
| Actions | Unilateral: Rotate Head To Same Side,
Laterally Flex Head And Neck Bilateral: Extend Head |
| Origin | Posterior Iliac Crest, Iliolumbar Ligament |
| Insertion | Last Rib, TVPs Of 1st Thru 4th Lumbar Vertebrae |
| Actions | Unilateral: Elevate Hip, Laterally Flex,
Assists To Extend Vertebral Column Bilateral: Fixes Last Rib During Respiration |